Russia (bbabo.net), - The first suburban settlements with printed houses are expected to appear this year - in the Krasnodar Territory and the Leningrad Region. The walls of such a house can be printed literally in a day; it takes about two weeks to erect a simple turnkey building under favorable conditions. In addition, a minimum of personnel is required: an operator at the computer and from two to four people to load concrete mixture into the apparatus. As a result, printed houses are about 12% cheaper than similar monolithic buildings. The prime cost of the simplest building is about 1 million rubles, from 20 thousand rubles per square meter.
The Ministry of Construction will be closely involved in the development of construction using 3D printers. The government has approved a "roadmap" for the introduction of new, including additive (the official name of 3D printing), construction technologies.
By November 2023, the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Economic Development must submit to the government a report on the prospects for using 3D printing in construction - in which buildings are these technologies most appropriate. In addition, training programs for students to become specialists in additive construction will be developed.
Additive technologies are one of the promising directions in the development of the construction industry, the press service of the Ministry of Construction emphasizes. The strategy for the development of such technologies until 2030, which was approved last summer, provides for the development and production of equipment, components, materials for additive manufacturing, specialized software, as well as services and engineering in the field of such technologies. Approaches to the design, calculation and information modeling of objects erected in this way will be developed and standardized.
Russia is now the flagship of the development of 3D construction in the world, says Alexander Maslov, general director of AMT, resident of the Skolkovo Foundation. In the Russian Federation, national construction standards for these technologies appeared before anyone else. Nevertheless, the printing of multi-storey buildings has not yet been legislatively regulated. In addition, the introduction of 3D printing of multi-storey buildings is hampered by the inertia of large construction companies, Maslov believes: they still see no reason to abandon proven technologies.
The first printed settlements are expected to appear this year - in the Krasnodar Territory and the Leningrad Region
Suburban home builders also have different attitudes towards additive technologies. “3D printers are still more of a fashionable toy than a competitive technology,” says Olga Magilina, deputy general director of KASKAD. “A printer, in fact, only builds walls with concrete. formwork ". Nevertheless, the owners of large suburban areas - for tens and hundreds of houses - have been actively buying printers recently, Maslov said. In the conditions of a boom in suburban construction, they stocked up on land and are now preparing to develop it.
Unfortunately, in terms of the pace of development of the market for additive construction production and the scale of projects being implemented, Russia has already begun to lag behind other countries, but nevertheless we have more and more new facilities for these technologies, says Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Building Materials and Technologies of NRU MGSU Alexei Adamtsevich.
The technology is also actively used in the manufacture of small architectural forms: benches, flowerpots, decorative installations. At the same time, there is no need to pre-manufacture the formwork for each element, the share of manual labor is reduced, which gives clear competitive advantages.
Construction 3D printing can be applied where traditional monolithic construction is, he emphasizes. But if you use the printers simply as an advanced concrete pump or bucket crane, the full potential of the new technology is not revealed, Adamtsevich notes. The greatest effect can be achieved if the features and capabilities of the technology are taken into account already at the design stage of the facility. Now 3D printing can be used as efficiently as possible, first of all, in individual housing construction, and with the accumulation of experience, the technology can be used at facilities of higher complexity and number of storeys. According to Maslov, the technical capabilities of the printers make it possible to erect buildings up to 80 meters in height and 26 floors. And the main advantage of the technology is the ability to construct buildings of unusual rounded shapes.
In the future, additive construction can be actively used in hard-to-reach areas, in the Far North and in other extreme conditions, Adamtsevich notes. However, it is necessary to develop new technologies and building materials based on local raw materials. In the North, it is possible to use building materials based on cryogenically hardened binders as "ink" for a printer - they gain strength when frozen and no longer lose it during subsequent defrosting. And individual structures can even be printed from ice.
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