Russia (bbabo.net), - The economy of Kazakhstan can be called mainly raw materials, while in recent years the country has noticeably increased not only the share of exports, but also imports. A large number of commodity items are exported by Kazakhstan to Russia. The favorable geographical location allows the country to continue to increase the export of goods and resources, mainly to the CIS countries. For more information about the structure of the economy of Kazakhstan and its relationship with Russia, see the information provided by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

Kazakhstan has trade relations with 170 countries of the world, foreign trade in the structure of GDP according to the method of the World Bank is more than 60%. The main trading partners are Russia (the share in the total trade turnover is almost 22%), followed by China (18%), Italy and South Korea (8.9% and 6.9%, respectively), as well as the Netherlands, Turkey, Uzbekistan, France, India and Germany (2.4-4%).

The foreign trade activity of Kazakhstan has undergone changes in the past five years: not only the share of exports is growing, but also imports. The main imports are machinery, equipment and transport, instruments and apparatus, chemical and light industry products, as well as food and agricultural raw materials. Almost all of these items are exported to Kazakhstan by Russia. In addition, the Russian Federation supplies timber and pulp and paper products, precious metals and stones there.

Oil, gas, ore, wheat, copper and copper cathodes, uranium, rolled steel, petroleum products and raw zinc are exported from Kazakhstan. In general, the share of mineral products, including fuel and energy products, in the country's export structure was 58% at the end of 2020, metals and metal products - 16%, follows from the data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan supplies to Russia practically the same commodity items as it imports: mineral products, metals and metal products, chemical products.

For the past 20 years, an agreement has been in effect between Russia and Kazakhstan on the transit of Kazakh oil to world markets through the Russian Federation. The bulk of transit hydrocarbon exports go through the oil pipelines of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) to the port of Novorossiysk and through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline. Also, Russia and Kazakhstan have established several joint ventures for the extraction and enrichment of uranium (Kazakhstan is one of the world's largest producers of natural uranium).

The economy of Kazakhstan can be characterized as predominantly raw materials, the share of output of goods of high value added there is small. Almost 70% of export flows come from four points - Atyrau and Karaganda regions (18-20% each), the cities of Alma-Ata and Nur-Sultan (23% and 6%, respectively). Most entrepreneurs supply their products to their own or neighboring regions of the country, and in addition to the domestic market, only 2% of enterprises are engaged in the export of products.

Given the favorable geographical location, Kazakhstan has the opportunity to increase exports to the CIS countries. In December last year, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that to intensify export flows, it is planned to build four additional cross-border hubs, two of which will be on the border with Russia and one each on the border with Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

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