At the disposal of the TASS publication was a document of a draft law on the legal regulation of relations in the field of robot turnover. It defines the concept of "robot", establishes hazard levels and classification for them, and also legislatively enshrines the principles of circulation and production of robots. The document has already been sent for recall to the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Digital Industry. In addition, for robots it is proposed to create a state cadastre of models and components, "containing systematized information about the models allowed for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation."
According to the document, “a robot is a product of the achievements of digital technologies (a robotic device, a complex, a system), consisting of two or more component parts, controlled by means of a computer program embedded in it and capable of both performing pre-programmed actions by a person and autonomous problem solving. ".
Robots are classified into two main types - civilian and service robots. The activities of civil robots are aimed at realizing private interests and are regulated by civil law. They are divided into feeds: industrial, service, educational, scientific. Officials, as indicated in the document, act in the interests of the state and society. They are involved in the institutions of public authority and are divided into the following subtypes: military and law enforcement. Controlled and autonomous robots are also distinguished depending on the nature and degree of human participation in controlling them.
Within the framework of the bill, four degrees of danger of robots are proposed. I, II and III classes - robots of increased danger. They are "applied by the general provisions of civil legislation on liability for harm caused by activities that create an increased danger to others."
"The criteria for classifying robots and their components (modules) to I-IV hazard classes according to their ability to harm the interests of the individual, society and the state protected by law are established by the government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the federal executive body authorized in the field of robot turnover," - quoted by TASS from the explanatory note.
In addition, the bill limits the possibility of creating and turning over robots for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs recognized as foreign agents in the Russian Federation. If the law is passed, then "foreign agents" will have to obtain an appropriate license for the robot, right down to the components. Robots for household and other personal needs and robots of the fourth hazard class are not subject to licensing. The license cannot be issued to "business entities controlled by a foreign investor or a group of persons, which includes a foreign investor, to individual entrepreneurs with an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for crimes in the economic sphere, as well as for crimes of average gravity, grave or especially grave crimes."
The document prohibits the circulation of robots on the territory of the Russian Federation that can "independently make decisions and act on the basis of an independently formulated behavioral algorithm, which are deliberately given properties to ensure their use with the use of weapons, its main parts, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices or other weapons" ... In fact, the bill prohibits the creation and sale of robots adapted for the use of weapons (including chemical weapons), military equipment and any weapons of mass destruction.
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