Belarus saw the light of a thoroughly revised Code of Education. The developers of the updated document are unanimous in their opinion: the basic principles of the education system have remained unshakable. These are its availability, quality and social guarantees. But there are more than enough innovations. One of the fundamental ones is the universal receipt of general secondary education (at present, general basic education) provided for by the code. At the same time, the final certification upon completion of general secondary education in individual academic subjects will be carried out in the form of a centralized exam, but the procedure for conducting it has yet to be approved.
What else? For students, the distance form of education will not be a part-time option, but a separate direction. The possibility of implementing educational programs through a network form of interaction between educational institutions is established. Pre-school education at home is provided for those children who, for medical reasons, cannot attend kindergartens. The general principle for all levels of the system will be inclusion - ensuring equal access to knowledge for all students, taking into account their individual educational needs and individual capabilities.
Several important changes at the school level. Let's start with the fact that the heads of educational institutions got the opportunity to admit children to the first grade based on the application of one of the legal representatives of the child and the decision of the pedagogical council, if the future student turns 6 years old not by September 1 or a couple of weeks later, but before the end of the calendar year. Competitive selection will appear in the 10th grade of gymnasiums. It will be based on the GPA of the General Basic Education Certificate and marks in the subjects that the students will study at an advanced level. Extracurricular activities can be held on Saturday, and if before it was only possible for high school students, now it is from the 5th grade.
According to the new rules, even a five-year-old child can now be enrolled in the first grade
Universities will provide general higher education (4-4.5 years, bachelor's degree), advanced higher education (1-2 years, master's degree), and in the most complex specialties (for example, in the training of doctors) a 5-6-year continuous higher education.
It was decided to streamline the names of educational institutions. For example, a nursery, a nursery-kindergarten, a kindergarten will now be called the same - a kindergarten. At the same time, the number of these establishments does not change. A single name for institutions of vocational and secondary specialized education is being introduced - college. There will be three types of universities - institute, academy (conservatory) and university.
Important attention in the updated code is given to strengthening discipline. In particular, the procedure for expelling students is specified. The grounds for expulsion include, for example, cases of bringing to administrative responsibility for a single commission of a gross administrative offense or bringing to criminal responsibility for crimes against a person. As for the restoration for continuing education of persons who have not completed the development of the content of one of the types of educational programs and expelled from educational institutions, it will be carried out not from September 1, as is done now, but from the same semester (half year) from which they were expelled.
3 types of universities will remain in the updated Education Code - institute, academy (conservatory), university.
The distribution of full-time graduates after graduation at the expense of the budget remains. At the same time, holders of diplomas who studied on a paid basis and applied for a job placement will also be able to obtain the status of a young specialist. Another important social guarantee is the introduction of employment on the basis of reservations for orphans and persons with special needs of psychophysical development who have received professional education. Together with the document on education, they will be issued a certificate of assignment to work at the reserved workplace.
The code also takes into account the interests of organizations wishing to acquire qualified specialists on the basis of targeted training. This right is granted to employers located not only in small settlements and contaminated areas, but also in other settlements. This training is provided both at the level of vocational and secondary specialized education (colleges), and at the higher level.
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