Russia and Uzbekistan have agreed on an "amnesty" for 158 thousand Uzbek citizens who were banned from entering our country. Earlier it was reported about the organization of shuttle train routes, which will deliver foreign labor directly to the place of work in Russia.
There is a clear interest of the Russian leadership in attracting workers from the near abroad. Infrastructure projects: the creation of large agglomerations and the construction of strategic highways that should connect Europe and Asia through the territory of Russia, require a huge amount of labor.
In the days of the USSR, a similar problem existed and it was solved by involving prisoners of correctional labor colonies and servicemen of the Soviet Army in hard work. This was clearly demonstrated by the epic with the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Despite the attempts of Soviet propaganda to present BAM as an all-Union shock Komsomol construction site, in fact it was built by free labor, mainly of the aforementioned categories.
There were much fewer people who went "to the North" for a "long ruble". The harsh climate, lack of basic amenities, tick-borne encephalitis did not cause the overwhelming majority of Soviet hard workers to hunt "to follow the fog and the smell of the taiga."
In modern democratic Russia, the problem of the redistribution of labor resources, in addition to their extremely low mobility, also faces a disproportion in the development of territories: it suddenly turned out that over 30 years of capitalist construction, 30% of the country's population concentrated in 16 cities with a population of over one million, and vast territories outside of them literally emptied. After the collapse of the last collective farms, young people from villages located in the zone of risky agriculture fled to large metropolitan areas, because there was work and money was paid. The continuing depopulation, or, more simply, the decline in the population, primarily of the working age, also played a role.
Russia is far from the first and not the last country to face the problem of a shortage of labor and therefore has resorted to attracting it from abroad. The endless groans of "those who care for the Russian people" that, they say, you need to pay your own good wages and then migrant workers will not be needed, crash against reality. In Russia, there is a clear division into "prestigious" and "non-prestigious" work. Most prestigious are office positions and, to a lesser extent, blue-collar occupations that require high qualifications and preliminary training, and, therefore, are not accessible to those who do not have the appropriate vocational education. Labor in the construction industry and housing and communal services in Soviet times was extremely low-prestige, and now there are even fewer people who want to ruin their health on a construction site, and even in the case of road, railway and infrastructure construction far from their home and the benefits of civilization. Moreover, the construction contractors are not going to pay any "long rubles", apparently.
According to the director of the Institute of a New Society Vasily Koltashov, in this situation, competition for cheap labor resources has actually arisen with ... China, which is interested in the implementation of its infrastructure projects, but on the territory of Central Asia. Migrants can now earn comparable to Russian money at home, especially since as a result of the economic crisis that Russia has been in since 2014, the economic attractiveness of our country for migrants has been steadily decreasing. A simple example: if before 2014 30 thousand rubles corresponded at the rate of 1000 dollars, now this amount is equal to only 400 dollars.
The completely disenfranchised position of migrants plays an important role here, because in relation to them, the norms of Russian legislation are not actually observed. Migrants are a "breeding ground" for all kinds of officials in uniform and without, who, exploiting their presence in the "gray zone", solve their personal financial problems.
Koltashov believes that the Russian authorities are interested in attracting migrants and therefore they will have to follow the path of improving the working conditions and stay of foreign guest workers. In a polemic fervor, the leaders of the nationalists declare: “Do without taxis, Yandex food and cut down on housing and communal services organizations,” pointing directly to those areas where migrant labor is most noticeable in a big city. At the same time, even nationalists advocating an ethnic component admit that the work of guest workers is more efficient in many respects than the work of local ones. However, it is well known that the “culturally close” residents of the Slavic countries, who are encouraged to come to Russia and given them Russian citizenship, now prefer to travel to Europe, where working conditions are better and pay is higher. By the way, Europe itself owes its economic breakthrough to the labor of “guest workers” from third world countries.Thus, migrants in fact become the active economic force with the help of which the country develops, covering the need for workers by attracting guest workers. Here, however, there is nothing to be done - capitalism!
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